شک گرایی در اندیشه‌ی جاحظ

Skepticism in Islamic civilization was formed in a contex of pre-Islamic beliefs, Greek philosophical thoughts and Indian philosophical thoughts; In such a way that many thinkers who were familiar with these beliefs in their confrontation with the Quran and Islamic beliefs, in their debates and discussions, tried to answer many points that caused doubt and astonishment in Muslims. Simultaneously with the beginning of the translation movement, and the entry of various sciences into the intellectual space of Baghdad society, skepticism faced many semantic variations. Skepticism is not in the essence of God’s existence and in the sense of atheism, which was more in their deduction from the concepts that were mentioned in the Qur’an about God. Another type of skepticism, which is synonymous with critical thinking and doubt in science, is another manifestation of skepticism in this period.

Amr bin Bahr Jahiz, a great Mu’tazili writer and theologian, has deep thoughts in the field of skepticism and critical thinking. It seems that doubt is one of the fundamental principles in Jahiz’s thought to achieve scientific knowledge and certainty, and he mentioned it as a necessary step for scientific practice.. He is considered among the thinkers who, with critical and experimental thinking, doubted the achievements and sometimes the method of scientific achievements, including translation and authoring. With doubts about scientific achievements, he criticized the existing achievements by raising questions about the authenticity of achievements, suspending and stopping in accepting or rejecting them, examining them against the test of experience and measuring them with rational criteria. During natural debates, the authors have analyzed the allusions, allusions, and various topics raised by Jahiz in works such as Al-Haiwan, Al-Tarbi’, and Al-Tadvir, the issue of doubt in science and critical thinking in Jahz’s thought